Journal: Cell Death & Disease
Article Title: The functional relationship between transglutaminase 2 and transforming growth factor β 1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and endothelial–mesenchymal transition
doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.399
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and Smad2/3 in HUVECs undergoing differentiation into tubular-like structures. Western blot analysis of extracts from the co-cultures was performed to detect phospho-Smad1/5 (p-Smad1/5) or phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) antibodies. Cells treated with a neutralizing antibody (NeutAb) for TGF β (50 μ g/ml) were considered as the negative controls. Total Smad1 and total Smad2/3 antibodies were used as loading controls and the ratios of the band intensities are shown below. ( b ) Phosphorylation of Smad1/5 in the HUVEC Matrigel model. HUVECs seeded Matrigel in complete EGM-2 medium as described in the ‘Materials and Methods’, for 6 h at 37 °C in 5% CO 2 in the presence of DMSO vehicle control or R294 (100 μ M), after which they were isolated using the BD cell recovery reagent as described in the ‘Materials and Methods’. The phosphorylation of Smad1/5 in HUVECs was studied via western blotting. Total Smad1/5 was used as the loading control and the ratios of the band intensities shown below the blots. ( c ) The Smad signalling in dermal fibroblasts was not affected by TG2 inhibitor R294. Dermal fibroblasts were treated with TG2 inhibitor R294 (100 μ M) or vehicle control (0.01% DMSO) for 48 h, and the presence of the phosphorylated Smad1/5 and 2 was detected via western blotting and the total Smad1/5 and 2/3 were used to normalize the data and the ratios of the band intensities shown below. ( d ) The Smad signalling in mouse ECs. The Smad signalling (p-Smad1/5 and 2/3) in wt ECs treated with DMSO (CNTL) or with 100 μ M R294, TG2−/− Vector control ECs, and the TG2 ab ECs was analysed via western blotting, while the total Smad1/5 and 2/3 were also analysed as described in the ‘Materials and Methods’ with the ratios of the band intensities shown below the blots
Article Snippet: HUVECs (Lonza, Slough, UK) were cultured in complete EGM EC culture medium (Lonza).
Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Control, Isolation, Cell Recovery, Plasmid Preparation